Environmental

• Addressing global climate change
• Continuously deepening co-building and co-sharing
• Improving the energy efficiency of network facilities
• Enhancing resource utilisation efficiency
• Safeguarding biodiversity

China Unicom has accelerated the integration of green transformation into its core development strategy, actively responded to climate change, and strictly complied with laws and regulations related to environmental protection, such as the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Energy Conservation and Ecological Environmental Protection of Central Enterprises. The Company actively implemented Order No. 41 of the SASAC of the State Council, the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Energy Conservation and Ecological Environmental Protection of Central Enterprises, and Document No. 56, the Detailed Rules for the Assessment of Energy Conservation and Ecological Environmental Protection of Central Enterprises. It has continuously identified, assessed and managed risks and opportunities related to climate change, formulated environmental management targets and strategies, and promoted the transformation of the enterprise towards green and low-carbon development.

The Board of Directors attaches great importance to climate change issues and continues to strengthen capacity building and performance appraisal.

China Unicom has thoroughly implemented national and industrial policy requirements, including the Opinions on the Complete, Accurate and Comprehensive Implementation of the New Development Concept to Achieve Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality, the Opinions on Promoting the Gradual Shift from Dual Control of Energy Consumption to Dual Control of Carbon Emissions, and the Action Plan for Green and Low-Carbon Development of the Information and Communication Industry (2022–2025). It has strictly implemented the deployment of the China Unicom Carbon Exploration Green Action Plan (2024–2025), integrated green and low-carbon concepts into the entire process of corporate operations, coordinated the dual tasks of promoting its own energy conservation and carbon reduction while empowering the green transformation of society, and earnestly fulfilled its social responsibilities.

Climate Change Risk and Opportunity Identification Process

To systematically address the challenges of climate change and seize transformation opportunities, China Unicom has established and continuously improved a closed-loop process for the identification, assessment and management of climate change risks and opportunities, which is reviewed and supervised by the Board of Directors with cross-departmental synergy, integrating climate factors into the Company’s strategy and comprehensive risk management. The management of the Company annually hears and considers the investment budget (which includes a section on energy conservation and emission reduction), and reviews and approves key action plans and targets for green development related to climate issues.

Climate Change Risk and Opportunity Assessment Results and Response Measures

In response to material climate risks and material opportunities, the Company has conducted an in-depth assessment of the intensity, scope, and timing of the impacts that various climate risks may cause, as well as the potential financial impacts they may bring to the business. A total of five risks and two opportunities have been assessed, and response measures have been formulated for each item. Among these, the time horizon is aligned with the five-year strategic planning and network planning periods: short-term is 0-1 year, medium-term is 1-5 years, and long-term is over 5 years.

To ensure the effective implementation of the aforementioned response measures, the Company has invested resources in areas such as talent cultivation, appraisal and incentives, and has established contingency plans for environmental emergencies.

• We have formulated and issued the “China Unicom Green and Low-Carbon Work Management Measures” to regulate the green and lowcarbon work of China Unicom, strengthen energy conservation and ecological environmental protection, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality management, improve energy utilisation efficiency, and ensure the orderly and efficient advancement of various green and low-carbon tasks.
• We are strengthening the development of the talent pool in the field of green development, reasonably planning the talent structure, incorporating contents such as green development, energy-saving technologies, and carbon peaking and carbon neutrality into training programmes, and striving to enhance the capabilities of the green development talent pool.
• We have established and improved the comprehensive appraisal and evaluation mechanism for corporate green development and dual carbon management; refined the Company’s internal indicator early warning and notification mechanism; incorporated carbon peaking and carbon neutrality work into the appraisal and evaluation system of branch (subsidiary) companies; clarified appraisal rules; and strictly held parties accountable and deducted points for negative incidents such as data falsification and violations of environmental laws and regulations.
• We have established an energy conservation and emission reduction management incentive mechanism, under which the headquarters shall commend and reward units with outstanding achievements in energy conservation and emission reduction work, and provide appropriate investment preference policies based on circumstances.
• Contingency plans for environmental emergencies have been established, and there were no violations of laws and regulations in the environmental field in 2025. We have established and improved the system for the investigation and rectification of environmental safety hazards, conducted emergency drills, enhanced early warning capabilities, and continuously refined environmental management processes ranging from emergency preparedness and emergency response to post-event recovery and information disclosure.

Scenario Simulation Analysis

This scenario simulation analysis is specifically conducted during the reporting period to assess the potential impact of possible acute physical risks on the Company’s network operations, service fulfillment, and sustainable value creation from 2026 to 2030. The scenario assumes that as temperatures rise, the average intensity of typhoons, the proportion of Category 4-5 super typhoons, and the extreme precipitation rate at individual stations will all show an upward trend, and extreme weather events such as floods, blizzards, and earthquakes may occur. This scenario is derived from the “National Natural Disaster Situation” reports published by the Ministry of Emergency Management over the years, records of historical extreme weather events within the Company’s operating regions, and past natural disasters experienced by the Company. It is also combined with certain assumptions from the RCP 2.6 scenario, and internationally accepted climate scenarios will be gradually introduced in the future.

Risk factors: extreme weather such as floods and snowstorms

(1) Analysis of the Impact on the Company’s Operations and Sustainable Value

(2) Climate Resilience Enhancement Measures for Scenarios

The production and operating activities involved in the greenhouse gas emissions of the Company primarily consist of network operations, office operations, heating, canteens and company vehicles, etc. Indicators such as comprehensive energy consumption per unit of information flow and comprehensive energy consumption per unit of total volume of telecommunications business are mainly used to measure and manage climate-related risks and opportunities. Among these, the type of greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, and the sources mainly include indirect carbon dioxide emissions arising from the consumption of electricity and purchased heat, and direct carbon dioxide emissions arising from the consumption of gasoline, diesel, natural gas, coal, etc.

China Unicom has actively collaborated with other operators to continuously deepen co-building and co-sharing cooperation, and has steadily expanded the scope and depth of co-building and co-sharing of 5G network infrastructure. This has effectively avoided redundant investment and resource consumption, significantly reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions during equipment production, construction and operation, and provided practical references and industry examples for the sustainable development of global information infrastructure and carbon neutrality goals.

China Unicom, in collaboration with China Telecom, aims for co-building and co-sharing across “all frequency bands, all modes and all regions”, deeply promoting the co-building and co-sharing of networks, technologies and other infrastructure, providing a fine example for the large-scale construction of global mobile networks and low-carbon emission reduction.

• Both parties jointly implemented the “Signal Upgrade” initiative, promoted the enhancement of 5G coverage in key scenarios, and advanced the deployment of 5G-A capability upgrades, with a total of over 165,000 new 5G mid-band base stations added.
• We have jointly promoted a single 4G mid-band network and low-band co-building and co-sharing, with over 2 million 4G mid-band shared base stations, and each has access to over one million low-band base stations.
• We signed the “Memorandum of Understanding on Further Comprehensively Deepening Opening-up, Sharing and Cooperation” with China Telecom, expanding the scope of cooperation to all specialties, with a clear intention to co-build 12,000 route kilometres of trunk fibre optic cables. VoWiFi completed interconnection pilots, and synchronous caesium clocks achieved mutual backup, effectively enhancing the reliability of the synchronisation network.

China Unicom continues to join hands with other operators to collaboratively promote the commercial promotion of 5G inter-network roaming, achieving centralised and efficient utilisation of resources, further expanding coverage breadth, enhancing penetration capabilities, and providing users with more stable and efficient communication services.

China Unicom has incorporated “dual carbon” work into its corporate strategy and rolled out systems such as the “Administrative Measures for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction of China Unicom (Provisional)” to strengthen the management of energy conservation, ecological environmental protection, carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, improve energy utilisation efficiency, implement life-cycle carbon emission control over the entire processes of network planning, construction, maintenance, and operation, and promote the development of communication networks towards a more efficient and greener direction.

By continuously optimising data centre deployment, increasing innovation and application of energy-saving technologies, and actively promoting the application of green energy, a new paradigm for green data centres has been created, with a cumulative total of 25 data centres obtaining national green data centre certification.

We have collaborated with industry partners to optimise base station power consumption indicators, and promoted the application of hardware technologies and network architecture optimisation such as BBU centralised management, resulting in a year-on-year increase in base station energy efficiency of over 30%.

We are actively promoting the green and low-carbon reconstruction of equipment rooms, and promoting the dual improvement of greenness and safety of communication equipment rooms through the promotion of applications such as precision cooling, utilisation of natural cooling sources, 240V high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology and DC cloud cabins.

We are continuously investing resources to carry out research on core green and low-carbon technologies, and create the China Unicom “Carbon Exploration” management platform that integrates “carbon identification”, “carbon management”, “carbon control”, and “carbon reduction”. Actively promote the construction of a green and low-carbon standard system, continue to cultivate and systematically engage with international standards organizations such as ITU, with a cumulative total of 9 projects led and completed, participation in 1 national standard, 11 industry standards led, and participation in 23 industry standards.

China Unicom adheres to the core principles of the circular economy, namely “reduction, reuse and recycling”. It strictly implements environmental protection standards from the source of equipment procurement, continuously advocates for green consumption and low-carbon lifestyles, actively promotes the application and substitution of clean energy, and continues to deepen the integration of digitalisation, intelligence and greening in operational management to systematically enhance the comprehensive level of sustainable development.

We are adopting diversified paths such as market-based green power trading, construction of renewable energy facilities and direct connection of green power to vigorously promote green energy transformation. We are actively participating in carbon market trading, completing carbon compliance on time and in full, and earnestly fulfilling our green responsibilities.

• Green energy market trading. We actively encourage and guide our subsidiaries to conduct green electricity and Green Electricity Certificate (GEC) trading in a timely manner to increase the consumption of renewable energy, with an average annual growth rate of over 30% in the volume of green electricity and GECs purchased.
• We are continuously promoting the transition to green energy. Differentiated promotion of research and application of technologies such as photovoltaics and new energy storage technologies, and promotion of pilot applications of various energy storage technologies such as lithium battery energy storage and vanadium redox flow battery energy storage, have led to prominent results in green energy transformation.
• Strengthening carbon market trading capabilities. The Company has carried out local carbon allowance trading practises for its units included in the regional carbon markets at Beijing Unicom, Shenzhen Unicom, and the Pujiang Cloud Data Centre and Lingang International Data Port of Shanghai Unicom, completed compliance on schedule, and actively utilised green electricity carbon offset policies to explore new models for longterm controllable carbon compliance costs.
• Internal carbon pricing mechanism. The Company has not yet established internal carbon pricing for use in its decision-making.

We strictly comply with laws and regulations such as the Circular Economy Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China, and have established management systems such as the China Unicom Administrative Measures for the Revitalisation of Fixed Assets and the China Unicom Administrative Provisions on the Disposal of Waste Materials, to revitalise fixed assets and conduct fine management and effective recycling of waste, thereby improving resource utilisation efficiency.

Actively practising the concept of green development, we are systematically building a green office and business operation system, and reducing operational energy consumption through measures such as promoting a paperless office, smart energy management and water-saving renovation of buildings. Meanwhile, we continuously advocate the concepts of green consumption and low-carbon living to employees, striving to create a green and healthy office environment and promoting the coordinated development of corporate operations and the ecological environment.

• Implementation of a paperless office. We utilise the digital archive system to achieve the digitalisation of office documents, and continuously explore and promote the singleset filing and management of various types of electronic documents.
• We are enhancing the paperless service experience. We have continuously upgraded online service processing, with 2.566 billion online business transactions processed throughout the year and 20.20 million sheets of paper saved through the issuance of electronic invoices, enhancing the service experience through green and low-carbon operational methods.
• Smart energy management. Innovative “1+2+N” system architecture: “1” Group-level multi-terminal platform, achieving full-scenario visualisation and intelligent interaction of energy and carbon data; “2” major capability centres, with the energy management centre responsible for real-time monitoring of equipment energy consumption and intelligent command, and the carbon data management centre achieving full-process digitalisation of carbon inventory, accounting and assets; “N” scenario empowerments, covering office buildings, industrial parks, etc., supporting rapid replication across the three levels of “Headquarters-Province-City”. The project “Practical Application of the Green Smart Building Energy and Carbon Management Platform” has been recognised by the China Enterprise Confederation as an “Outstanding Case Study of Green and Low-Carbon Corporate Development in 2025”.
• We are strengthening water conservation management. Setting a water-saving target of zero growth in per-capita water consumption in the headquarters of China Unicom. Pantry and restrooms are equipped with infrared sensor intelligent water-saving faucets, with the water flow rate adjusted to 0.8–1.0 L/min to reduce ineffective water flow; strengthen equipment maintenance and inspections to avoid leakage. The total annual water consumption of China Unicom’s headquarters and directly affiliated office areas was approximately 336,300 tons, and the domestic wastewater discharge of the headquarters and directly affiliated units was 254,400 tons. The Company’s water for daily office use and for its production and operations is mainly sourced from the municipal unified water supply, and there is no risk related to water resources.
• We are strengthening power conservation management. We completely switch to LED energy-saving lighting fixtures, optimize the design of lighting systems, and reasonably renovate circuit control methods. We formulate internal and external lighting activation plans for buildings, implement zoned and time-slotted control for lighting in public areas, and turn off non-essential lighting during non-office hours.

Actively exploring innovative models for carbon inclusion platforms, the core technology, the “Carbon Emission Reduction Calculation Model”, was the first to pass the authoritative certification of a national-level green exchange institution, filling the gap in the field of individual carbon accounts within the telecommunications industry.

We are integrating green concepts into all scenarios of production and daily life, and promoting green procurement, green office and green travel. We have launched green travel initiatives, advocated the “135” green travel mode, encouraged the use of public transport for commuting and business activities, and promoted carpooling for group activities. During the National Energy Efficiency Promotion Week, low-carbon knowledge was disseminated to the public through diversified forms such as display boards in business outlets, energy-saving SMS and online scientific education.

China Unicom deeply integrates into the overall landscape of the construction of a Beautiful China, fully leverages its technical expertise, and comprehensively incorporates the concept of environmental protection into its business decisions and practises. While strictly adhering to the ecological protection red line, the Company actively safeguards biodiversity and contributes professional strength to the sustainable development of the ecological environment through practical actions.